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7月14日南华早报的一篇文章：「波音公司的电子战飞机如何在南海陷入中国的“杀伤网络”──中国军事科学家罕见地揭示了解放军雷达系统如何击败美国战斗机的内幕」参考，使用ChatGPT翻译。我再加上几个注解。当然内容细节有一些疑问，例如美军真正的作战用电子战频谱不会轻易示人，也就是平时他们会管制不能发全力，否则把机敏参数送给敌人了。
https://www.rihondo.es/2024/news-update/bnht100914Mlbv455Gbx
波音公司的电子战飞机如何在南海陷入中国的“杀伤网络”──
中国军事科学家罕见地揭示了解放军雷达系统如何击败美国战斗机的内幕
How Boeing’s electronic war fighter runs into China’s ‘kill web’ in the South China Sea
Chinese military scientists have given a rare glimpse into the PLA radar system that is beating US fighter jets
Published: 10:00pm, 14 Jul 2024
In December 2023, William Coulter, the commander of US Electronic Attack Squadron 136 (VAQ-136) deployed in the South China Sea on the USS Carl Vinson aircraft carrier, was given the axe by the US Navy “due to a loss of confidence in his ability to command”.
2023年12月，部署在南海的卡尔·文森号航空母舰上的美国电子攻击中队136（VAQ-136）指挥官威廉·库尔特（William Coulter）因“对其指挥能力失去信心”而被美国海军解职。（注：文章拿来当引子的这件事情是无关的独立事件，照当时USNI新闻，该指挥官解职是在一连串关于「指挥文化」的调查之后）
A month later, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) officers and sailors on board a Type 055 destroyer were honoured as a “role model of the times” for their actions against a US aircraft carrier fleet.
一个月后，解放军一艘055型驱逐舰（即南昌舰）上的军官和水兵因在对抗美国航母舰队中的表现，被授予“时代楷模”的荣誉称号。
Chinese media showed footage of two US jets buzzing the Nanchang destroyer, one of them widely believed to be an EA-18G Growler – the same electronic warfare aircraft that was used by Coulter’s squadron.
中国媒体展示了两架美国战机掠过南昌号驱逐舰的画面，其中一架被广泛认为是EA-18G咆哮者——库尔特中队使用的同款电子战飞机。
Now, for the first time, scientists with the PLA Navy have revealed the tactics and technology used by Chinese warships against the Growler aircraft, giving a glimpse into the invisible battle that is unfolding in the South China Sea between two of the world’s biggest military powers.
现在，解放军海军的科学家们首次披露了中国军舰对抗咆哮者战机所使用的战术和技术，让人们得以一窥这场在南海展开的、世界上两大军事强国之间的隐形战斗。
In a peer-reviewed paper published last month in the Chinese academic journal Radar & ECM, the scientists said that artificial intelligence (AI) gave the PLA’s radar a critical edge over the Growler.
在上个月发表在中国学术期刊《雷达与电子对抗》上的一篇同行评审论文中，科学家们表示，「人工智能（AI）使解放军的雷达在与“咆哮者”的对抗中占据了关键优势」。
Manufactured by Boeing, the EA-18G is an electronic warfare aircraft, mostly used for electronic jamming.
由波音公司制造的EA-18G是一种电子战飞机，主要用于电子干扰。
Based on the F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter platform, it can be loaded with various electronic warfare systems to suppress enemy reconnaissance and communication signals in all frequency bands and in all directions with high power. It can also launch anti-radiation missiles for precise strikes against shipborne radars, making it a core combat force in the US AirSea Battle strategy.
基于F/A-18超级大黄蜂战斗机平台，它可以装载各种电子战系统，以高功率压制敌方侦察和通信信号的所有频段和所有方向。它还可以发射反辐射导-弹，对舰载雷达进行精确打击，使其成为美国海空战战略中的核心作战力量。
Production of the Growler began 20 years ago and, since 2021, the US military has spent huge sums to upgrade its equipment to adapt to future wars.
“咆哮者”的生产始于20年前，自2021年以来，美国军方花费巨资升级其设备以适应未来战争。
But that does not mean it is unbeatable, as shown by the researchers.
但研究人员表明，这并不意味着它是无敌的。
“Cognitive intelligent radar has capabilities such as proactive environmental sensing, arbitrary transmit and receive design, intelligent processing, and resource scheduling. It can effectively counter the complex and variable electromagnetic jamming of the EA-18G,” wrote the project team led by Professor Liu Shangfu, a radar expHH with the Naval Non-Commissioned Officer School in Bengbu, in southeast China’s Anhui province.
“认知智能雷达具有主动环境感知、任意发送和接收设计、智能处理和资源调度等功能。它可以有效对抗EA-18G的复杂多变的电磁干扰，”项目团队写道，该团队由位于中国东南部安徽省蚌埠市的海军士官学校的雷达专家刘尚福教授领导。
The Chinese navy’s modern warships are equipped with multiple radars with different working principles and many different types of sensors. Scientists and engineers have solved the bottleneck issue in the transmission and processing of massive amounts of heterogeneous data, enabling these devices to work together, significantly reducing the effectiveness of the Growler’s jamming against individual radars.
中国海军的现代战舰配备了多种工作原理不同的雷达和多种不同类型的传感器。科学家和工程师解决了海量异构数据传输和处理的瓶颈问题，使这些设备能够协同工作，大大降低了“咆哮者”对单个雷达干扰的效果。
“System detection is not simply a stacking of multiple detection sensors, nor a loosely connected network, but rather a comprehensive utilisation of the performance characteristics of different sensors based on actual situations, and a rational allocation and scheduling of detection resources from a tactical perspective to enhance the platform’s information co**ol capabilities,” Liu’s team wrote.
“系统检测不仅仅是多个检测传感器的简单叠加，也不是松散连接的网络，而是基于实际情况综合利用不同传感器的性能特征，从战术角度进行合理的检测资源配置和调度，以增强平台的信息控制能力，”刘的团队写道。
Chinese scientists have also made breakthroughs in maintaining high-speed and reliable communication across the entire fleet in complex electromagnetic environments. When an EA-18G launches an attack on a Chinese naval ship, it will immediately be countered by nearby Chinese naval ships.
中国科学家还在复杂电磁环境中保持整个舰队高速可靠通信方面取得了突破。当EA-18G对中国海军舰船发动攻击时，附近的中国海军舰船将立即进行反击。
As the ships share information, a giant “kill web” is then created, with the capability to “flexibly, actively, quickly and intelligently counter the EA-18G, achieving a transformation from ‘single-resource confrontation’ to ‘systematic detection resource confrontation’”, Liu and his colleagues wrote.
随着舰船共享信息，一个巨大的“杀伤网络”随之形成，具备“灵活、主动、快速、智能地对抗EA-18G，实现从‘单一资源对抗’向‘系统化检测资源对抗’的转变”的能力，刘及其同事写道。
With technology on its side, the Chinese navy has reversed its previous cautious style and adopted a more proactive tactic of “attacking as defence, taking multiple measures simultaneously, optimising combinations and joining forces with other elements to counter electronic warfare aircraft”, the scientists added.
凭借技术优势，中国海军已经改变了以前谨慎的风格，采用了更为积极的战术——“以攻为守，多措并举，优化组合，与其他元素联合作战对抗电子战飞机”，科学家们补充道。
China’s official report on the Nanchang confirmed this change of tactic. The ship reportedly broke the traditional formation rank, advancing 100 nautical miles (185 km) ahead and, with the support of rear forces, blocked the US aircraft carrier task force from advancing towards a Chinese exercise zone.
中国官方在南昌舰的报告中证实了这一战术变化。据报道，该舰打破了传统编队顺位，提前100海里（185公里）推进，并在后方部队的支持下阻止了美国航母战斗群向中国演习区推进。
In response, the US military dispatched carrier-based aircraft. Videos released by China showed that the EA-18G might have adopted a combat mode known as jamming-while-accompanying, creating a formation with other warplanes and conducting noise jamming or releasing strong signals of dense, false targets to blind the Nanchang.
作为回应，美国军方派遣了舰载飞机。中国发布的视频显示，EA-18G可能采用了一种称为伴随干扰的作战模式，与其他战机形成编队，进行噪声干扰或释放密集的虚假目标强信号，以使南昌舰目眩。
However, the radar system on Nanchang continued to operate normally and locked onto the main targets of the US fleet.
然而，南昌舰的雷达系统继续正常运行并锁定了美国舰队的主要目标。
A commander on the Nanchang ship told state media that shortly after they opened the protective covers of the vHHical launching system, the US planes and ships backed off.
南昌舰的一名指挥官告诉国家媒体，在他们打开垂直发射系统的保护罩后不久，美国飞机和舰船便退却了。
The intense contest between Chinese warships and the Growlers started as early as 2018, during the Donald Trump administration, according to Liu’s paper.
根据刘的论文，中美军舰与“咆哮者”之间的激烈对抗早在2018年特朗普政府期间就已经开始。
The Americans initially had an upper hand, but the game soon changed.
起初，美国人占据了上风，但局势很快发生了变化。
According to the US Congress’ National Defence Strategy Commission in 2022, the US is “losing its advantages in electronic warfare, hindering the nation’s ability to conduct military operations against capable adversaries”.
根据美国国会2022年国防战略委员会（註：2022年美国国防授权法成立的组织，负责独立审查五角大厦的战略决策）的报告，美国在电子战方面正在“失去优势，阻碍了国家对抗强大对手进行军事行动的能力”。
注：《雷达与对抗》（季刊）创刊于1981年，是由中国船舶重工集团有限公司主管、中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所主办的全国性自然科学技术刊物，该刊结雷达、作战指挥控制系统与电子对抗，以及相关领域的技术研究与发展及其军转民技术的应用，报道国内外理论研究、设计制造、技术改进、应用现状、发展动态与开发应用等方面的有关内容。
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